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…distribute and control the flow within a pond, and there may be places where flow is excessive and harmful (Boyd 1995). Shear stress The quality of the circulation in a…

…farm in Colombia), COLCIENCIAS (Colombian Institute of Science and Research), and ETEC S.A., will be conducting a four-month study, under the technical direction of Dr. Claude E. Boyd, beginning on…

…of shrimp pond area in Myanmar. Boyd, shrimp pond production, Table 1 CountryPond area (ha)Extensive production area (ha) Vietnam 619,000 562,000 China 421,000 35,000 Bangladesh 216,000 207,000 Ecuador 212,000 4,200…

…más confiable del área de estanques de camarón en Myanmar. Boyd, producción de camarones en estanques, Tabla 1 PaísÁrea de estanques (ha) Área de producción extensiva (ha) Vietnam 619,000 562,000…

…limestone are shown in Table 1. Boyd, Recommended application rates, Table 1 Soil pHAgricultural Limestone Dose (kg/ha) Over 7.5 7.0-7.5 500 6.5-6.9 1,000 6.0-6.4 1,500 5.5-5.9 2,000 5.0-5.4 2,500 Below…

…producing feed ingredients were not included in these estimates. Boyd, PCE, Table 1 SpeciesFCRFeed crude protein (%)Dress-out as fillets (%)Crude protein (%) filletCrude protein (%) whole fishProtein recovery (%) filletProtein…

…provided in Table 1. Boyd, eutrophication, Table 1 VariableOligotrophicMesotrophicEutrophic Total photophorus (ug/L) Annual mean 8.0 26.7 84.4 Range 30.0 – 17.7 10.9 – 95.6 16 – 386 Total nitrogen (ug/L)…

…1. Boyd, eutrofización, Tabla 1 VariableOligotróficoMesotrófico Eutrófico Fósforo total (ug/L) Media anual 8.0 26.7 84.4 Rango 30.0 – 17.7 10.9 – 95.6 16 – 386 Nitrógeno total (ug/L) Media anual…

…of water clarity (Table 1). Boyd, pond fertilization, Table 1 Secchi disk reading (cm)Interpretation 60 cm Water is too clear. Inadequate productivity and danger of aquatic weed problems. Table 1….

…de Secchi proporciona un índice de la claridad del agua (Tabla 1). Boyd, fertilización de estanques, Tabla 1 Lectura de disco de Secchi (cm)Interpretación 60 cm El agua es demasiado…

…to find evidence of the presence of another toxin often is a strong indicator that the pollutants caused the observed mortality. Boyd, Toxicity, Table 1 96-hour LC50 (mg/L)Estimated safe concentration…

…que los contaminantes causaron la mortalidad observada. Boyd, Toxicidad, Tabla 1 96-horas LC50 (mg/L)Concentración segura estimada para exposición prolongada (mg/L) Dióxido de carbono, peces de agua dulce – 20 Dióxido…

…Boyd, water quality products, Table 1 Element mg/LElementmg/L Chloride 19,000 Fluoride 1.3 Sodium 10,500 Silicate 6.4 Sulfate 2,700 Boron 4.6 Magnesium* 1,350 Iron 0.01 Calcium 400 Molybdenum 0.01 Potassium 380…

…de magnesio para aumentar las concentraciones de potasio y magnesio. Boyd, productos de calidad de agua, Tabla 1 Elementomg/LElementomg/L Cloruro 19,000 Fluoruro 1.3 Sodio 10,500 Silicato 6.4 Sulfato 2,700 Boro…

…detail. Boyd, substances, Table 1 ParticleLength (microns) Bacteria 0.2 – 10 Clay 0.5 – 2 Phytoplankton 2 – 2,000 Silt 2 – 50 Sand 50 – 2,000 Zooplankton 100 –…

…micrones) son visibles, aunque no en detalle. Boyd, sustancias, Tabla 1 PartículaLongitud (micrones) Bacterias 0.2 – 10 Arcilla 0.5 – 2 Fitoplancton 2 – 2,000 Limo 2 – 50 Arena…

Prof. Boyd: Bacteria essential for maintaining proper ecological function, adequate water quality Bacteria can maintain ecological balance in properly managed aquaculture ponds without the need for supplementation from outside sources….

Prof. Boyd: Bacterias son esenciales para mantener una función ecológica y calidad de agua adecuadas Las bacterias pueden mantener el equilibrio ecológico en estanques acuícolas adecuadamente manejados sin la necesidad…