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Evaporation affected by sunlight, temperature, wind
https://www.globalseafood.org/advocate/evaporation-affected-by-sunlight-temperature-wind/…vapor pressure (Table 1). Saturation vapor pressure increases with rising temperature. Boyd, Saturation vapor pressure, Table 1 Temperature (° C)Saturation Vapor Pressure (mm Hg) 4.579 5 6.543 10 9.209 15…
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Settling basin design, operation
https://www.globalseafood.org/advocate/settling-basin-design-operation/…larger than 0.004 mm is quite long and seldom practical for large inflow rates. Boyd, Settling velocities and times, Table 1 Particle Diameter (mm)Terminal Settling Velocity (m/second)Time to Settle 1…
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Multiple methods for phytoplankton assessment
https://www.globalseafood.org/advocate/multiple-methods-for-phytoplankton-assessment/…Boyd, Assessment of Secchi disk, Table 1 Secchi Disk Reading (cm)Comments Less than 20 cm Pond is too turbid. If pond is turbid with phytoplankton, there will be problems with…
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Liming materials for aquaculture
https://www.globalseafood.org/advocate/liming-materials-for-aquaculture/…liming materials. Limestone may be classified based on its calcium and magnesium concentrations (Table 1). Boyd, Calcium and magnesium concentrations, Table 1 TypeCalcium (%)Magnesium (%) Pure calcite 40.0 Calcitic limestone…
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Dissolved oxygen requirements in aquatic animal respiration
https://www.globalseafood.org/advocate/dissolved-oxygen-requirements-in-aquatic-animal-respiration/…and 9.07 mg/L dissolved oxygen and water at 30 degrees-C with 8.30 mg/L dissolved oxygen. Boyd, Solubility of oxygen in freshwater at different temperatures, Table 1 Temperature (° C)Dissolved Oxygen…
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Aquaculture ponds hold carbon
https://www.globalseafood.org/advocate/aquaculture-ponds-hold-carbon/…sequestered by natural lakes and inland seas (Table 1). It is much less, however, than the amounts of carbon buried in river reservoirs and agriculturally eutrophic impoundments. Boyd, Comparison of…
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Cage design, placement affect water quality
https://www.globalseafood.org/advocate/cage-design-placement-affect-water-quality/…and a 4-meter-diameter, 4-meter-deep circular cage both have a potential flushing efficiency of 25 percent. As the sizes of circular or rectangular cages increase, flushing efficiency declines further. Boyd, Lateral…
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Assessing, reducing pond seepage
https://www.globalseafood.org/advocate/assessing-reducing-pond-seepage/…clay. The average seepage rate was 23.1 cm/month. Table 1 classifies seepage categories for earthen ponds. Normal seepage was considered to be less than 20 cm/month. Boyd, Seepage class categories,…
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Trace metals toxic at high concentrations
https://www.globalseafood.org/advocate/trace-metals-toxic-at-high-concentrations/…parent minerals is low pH. Low redox potential also greatly increases the solubility of iron, manganese and a few other trace metals. Boyd, Typical concentrations and maximum safe concentrations, Table…
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Oxygen demand of aquaculture feed
https://www.globalseafood.org/advocate/oxygen-demand-aquaculture-feed/…– a reduction of 37.8 percent. Boyd, Feed efficiency and oxygen demand, Table 1 Feed-Conversion EfficiencyFeed-Conversion RatioOxygen Demand of Feed (kg oxygen/ kg feed)Oxygen Demand of Feed to Produce 1…
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Water temperature in aquaculture
https://www.globalseafood.org/advocate/water-temperature-in-aquaculture/…Boyd, Water Temperature, Table 1 Salinity (ppt)Food energy recovered as fish growth (%) 0.5 33.4 2.5 31.8 4.5 22.2 6.5 20.1 8.5 10.4 10.5 -1.0 Table 1. Effect of salinity…
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Temperatura del agua en acuacultura
https://www.globalseafood.org/advocate/temperatura-del-agua-en-acuacultura/…se alejan de la óptima disminuirán el potencial de producción. Boyd, Temperatura del Agua, Tabla 1 Salinidad (ppt)Energía de alimentos recuperada como crecimiento de peces (%) 0.5 33.4 2.5 31.8…
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Nitrogen a limiting factor in aquaculture production
https://www.globalseafood.org/advocate/nitrogen-a-limiting-factor-in-aquaculture-production/…and pH (Table 1). Boyd, Percentage of un-ionized ammonia in waters, Table 1 pHTemperature (° C) 16Temperature (° C) 20Temperature (° C) 24Temperature (° C) 28Temperature (° C) 32 7.2…
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Carbon dioxide: Waste, nutrient
https://www.globalseafood.org/advocate/carbon-dioxide-waste-nutrient/…Boyd, Solubility of carbon dioxide (mg/l) in pure water, Table 1 Temperature (° C)Salinity (ppt) 0Salinity (ppt) 10Salinity (ppt) 20Salinity (ppt) 30Salinity (ppt) 40 1.09 1.03 0.98 0.93 0.88 5…
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Shrimp pond preparation crucial for production, disease prevention
https://www.globalseafood.org/advocate/shrimp-pond-preparation-crucial-production-disease-prevention/…is still moist. Boyd, pond preparation, Table 1 Soil pHLiming rate (CaCO3 equivalent, kg/ha) >7.5 7.0 to 7.5 500 (optional) 6.5 to 6.9 1,000 6.0 to 6.4 1,500 5.5 to…
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La preparación del estanque de camarones es crucial para la producción y prevención de enfermedades
https://www.globalseafood.org/advocate/la-preparacion-del-estanque-de-camarones-es-crucial-para-la-produccion-y-prevencion-de-enfermedades/…el fondo de los estanques mientras el suelo aún está húmedo. Boyd, preparación de estanques, Tabla 1 pH de sueloTasa de encalado (equivalente CaCO3, kg/ha) >7.5 7.0 to 7.5 500…
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Chlorine an effective disinfectant in aquaculture
https://www.globalseafood.org/advocate/chlorine-an-effective-disinfectant-in-aquaculture/…and other reduced substances. Boyd, Effect of pH on hypochlorous acid:hydochlorite ion ratios, Table 1 pHHypochlorous Acid: Hydochlorite Free Chlorine Residual Needed for Disinfecting Power of 1 mg/l at pH…
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Total alkalinity and total hardness
https://www.globalseafood.org/advocate/total-alkalinity-and-total-hardness/…treatment rate in ponds usually is based on pond bottom soil pH (Table 1). In hatcheries, liming materials usually are dispersed into the incoming water continuously by mechanical dispensers. Boyd,…