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…del alimento para producir 1 kg de los animales cultivados varía considerablemente debido a las diferencias en los valores FCE típicos para diferentes especies. Boyd, Demanda de Oxigeno del Alimento,…

Professor Boyd: Algae has an important relationship with aquaculture ponds Aquaculture ponds typically have a high abundance of phytoplankton due to high nutrient concentrations from aquafeeds and/or fertilizers. Photo by…

Profesor Boyd: Las algas tienen una importante relación con los estanques acuícolas Los estanques acuícolas típicamente tienen una alta abundancia de fitoplancton debido a las altas concentraciones de nutrientes de…

Professor Boyd: Examining the significance of an important production parameter The electrical conductivity of water provides an assessment of the total concentration of dissolved ions in water, and is an…

Profesor Boyd: Examinando la importancia de un parámetro de producción importante La conductividad eléctrica del agua proporciona una evaluación de la concentración total de iones disueltos en el agua, y…

…exception of liquid ammonium polyphosphate, commercial fertilizers are solids consisting of granules or small prills. They are denser than water, but water soluble. Boyd, common fertilizers, Table 1 Compound N…

…más densos que el agua, pero son solubles en agua. Boyd, fertilizantes comunes, Tabla 1 Compuesto N (%)P205 (%)K20 (%) Urea 45-46 Nitrato de amonio 33 Sulfato de amonio 21…

…the farm (Table 1). Producers can have an important role in lessening the total amount of embodied resources consumed in aquaculture production up to the farm gate level. Boyd, Use…

…counteract ionic imbalance is problematic, because minimum concentrations of major cations (sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium) required for physiological functions in penaeid shrimp are not known with certainty. Boyd, ionic…

…peneido. Boyd, desequilibrio iónico, Tabla 1 NombreFormulaComposición % PotasioComposición % Magnesio Cloruro de potasio KCl 50 K-Mag (R) K2SO4·2MgSO4 17.8 10.5 Sal de Epsom MgSO4·7H2O – 9.86 Cloruro de magnesio…

…percent. Boyd, Decimal fractions of ammonia nitrogen, Table 1 Temperature (° C) pHTemperature (° C) 16Temperature (° C) 18Temperature (° C) 20Temperature (° C) 22Temperature (° C) 24Temperature (° C)…

…from human activities presently total about 40,000 million MT annually. Boyd, FAO estimates of end energy, Table 1 End UseEnergy Use (E.J.) Plant crops 12.8 Livestock 5.1 Fisheries and aquaculture…

…types of soil. Boyd, Recommended side slopes, Table 1 Soil TypeSide Slope (horizontal: vertical) Clay, clay sand, sandy clay, silty sand 3:1 wet side Clay, clay sand, sandy clay, silty…

…much lower concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium than those found in chemical fertilizers. Moreover, manures are not constant in composition like commercial chemical fertilizers. Boyd, Nutrient composition of organic…

…steer and horse manure. Its potassium concentration is greater than that of traditional manures. Boyd, Comparison of the plant nutrient, Table 1 MaterialNitrogen (%)Phosphorus (%)Potassium (%) Pangasius farm sludge 0.49…

…levels (Table 1). Survival, production and FCR improved in response to higher minimum dissolved oxygen concentrations. Boyd, Effects of minimum daily dissolved-oxygen, Table 1 Average Minimum Dissolved-Oxygen Concentration (mg/L)Survival (%)Production…

…but there was little difference between the two-week and monthly applications. Boyd, Tilapia production, Table 1 Fertilizer Analysis (%) N – P2O5Tilapia Production (kg/ha) – 20 651 5 – 20…

…Waters become more turbid with increasing phytoplankton abundance. Boyd, Water quality of lakes and reservoirs, Table 1 Trophic StatusTotal Nitrogen (mg/L)Total Phosphorus (mg/L)Chlorophyll a (ug/L)Secchi Disk Visibility (m) Oligotrophic Below…