Getting proficient in RAS fundamentals
Getting proficient in RAS fundamentals

Getting proficient in RAS fundamentals

A number of large salmon farming companies are now investing significantly to increase land-based, water recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) in northern Europe and North America, and there is likely a need for more trained farm personnel to run and manage these and other close-containment aquaculture facilities. 

Water composition: Dissolved inorganic solids
Water composition: Dissolved inorganic solids

Water composition: Dissolved inorganic solids

A few anions and cations, and un-dissociated silicic acid represent the largest fraction of dissolved inorganic solids in water. The total concentration of ions is called the salinity. The total dissolved-solids concentration usually is roughly equal to salinity in freshwater. Unlike seawater, freshwater varies greatly in salinity and proportions of individual ions. Calcium and bicarbonate are dominant ions in river water, but sodium and chloride are dominant in seawater. Water contains many other inorganic substances, as well as many trace elements. 

Waste management from a broader perspective
Waste management from a broader perspective

Waste management from a broader perspective

In addressing waste managers – representing the governments of various Asian nations at the “Inception and Capacity-Building Workshop on National and City-Level Waste Management Strategies” in Osaka, Japan – the author recommended holistic views, focusing “upstream” and using waste management interventions to foster social capital.