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Prof. Boyd explores the commonly used and relevant aquaculture water quality terms biological and chemical oxygen demand (BOD and COD). 

Manufactured aquafeeds, if improperly managed, can result in undesirable oxygen demand that can reduce dissolved oxygen levels and pollution through effluents, and stress cultured animals. 

Los alimentos acuícolas manufacturados, si se gestionan incorrectamente, pueden resultar en una demanda indeseable de oxígeno que puede reducir los niveles de oxígeno disuelto y causar contaminación a través de efluentes, y estrés a los animales cultivados. 

Phytoplankton has several important effects on water quality, including removing ammonia nitrogen from water and absorbing nutrients from the water for its growth. Abundance of blue-green algae tends to increase as nutrient inputs in aquafeeds or fertilizers increase. 

La abundancia de fitoplancton suele ser alta en estanques acuícolas debido a las altas concentraciones de nutrientes de los fertilizantes o aportes de alimentos. 

The electrical conductivity of water is frequently measured in aquaculture systems and taken as an indicator of the degree of mineralization (total ion concentration) of water. 

La conductividad eléctrica del agua se mide con frecuencia en los sistemas acuícolas y se toma como un indicador del grado de mineralización (concentración iónica total) del agua. 

Commercial nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers are widely used in aquaculture production systems to stimulate phytoplankton growth and the food web that provides natural food organisms beneficial to stocked fish fry and shrimp postlarvae. 

Los fertilizantes comerciales de nitrógeno y fósforo son ampliamente utilizados en los sistemas de producción acuícola para estimular el crecimiento del fitoplancton y la trama trófica que proporciona organismos alimenticios naturales beneficiosos para alevines y postlarvas de camarones. 

In life cycle analysis of aquaculture, there is a danger of the entire array of embodied resources and impacts being assigned to the production facility. Producers have no control over the inefficiencies or impacts associated with feed production, but can help lessen resource use through good management practices. 

Ionic imbalance in low-salinity culture water may negatively influence shrimp survival and growth, and it is common to apply various mineral salts to low-salinity shrimp ponds. 

El desequilibrio iónico en agua de cultivo de baja salinidad puede influir negativamente en la supervivencia y el crecimiento del camarón, y es común aplicar diversas sales minerales en estanques de camarón de baja salinidad. 

Ammonia nitrogen occurs in aquaculture systems as a waste product of protein metabolism by aquatic animals and degradation of organic matter, or in nitrogen fertilizers. Exposure can reduce growth and increase susceptibility to diseases in aquatic species. 

A carbon footprint is an estimate of the total carbon emissions resulting from the production, use and disposal of a product or service. Carbon footprints for aquaculture products result mainly from the use of manufactured feed and mechanical aeration. 

The control of external inputs of suspended soil particles to ponds and internal erosion of embankments and bottoms should begin at the design and construction stage. 

Animal manures, grasses and other organic matter have been widely used as fertilizers in aquaculture ponds. The fertilizers decompose and release nutrients that promote the growth of phytoplankton and enhance the base of the food web. 

In modifying its infrastructure and related pond management, QVD Aquaculture uses floating water plants to remove nitrogen and phosphorus from the discharge water. Sludge pens capture sludge at ponds for later reuse. 

Various studies suggest that maintaining minimum daily dissolved oxygen concentrations above 3 mg/L in channel catfish and penaeid shrimp ponds assures better feed consumption and growth.